A new species of large prehistoric croc that roamed South East Queensland’s waterways millions of years ago has been documented by University of Queensland scientists.
Doctoral candidate Jorgo Ristevski, from the university’s School of Biological Sciences, led the team that named the species Gunggamarandu maunala after analysing a partial skull unearthed in the Darling Downs in the 19th century.
“This is one of the largest crocs to have inhabited Australia,” Ristevski said. “At the moment it’s difficult to estimate the exact overall size of Gunggamarandu since all we have is the back of the skull – but it was big.
“We estimate the skull would have been at least 80 centimetres long, and based on comparisons with living crocs, this indicates a total body length of around seven metres.
On a par with largest of the Indo-Pacific crocs
“This suggests Gunggamarandu maunala was on par with the largest Indo-Pacific crocs – a Crocodylus porosus – ever recorded.
According to the research team, they also had the skull CT-scanned. From this, they we were able to digitally reconstruct the brain cavity, which helped unravel additional details about the giant croc’s anatomy.
They say the exact age of the fossil is uncertain, but it’s probably between two and five million years old.
Gunggamarandu belonged to a group of crocodylians (the group of semi-aquatic reptiles that comprises the crocodiles, alligators, caimans, and gharial) called tomistomines.
Australia can be added to ‘once inhabited’ list
“Today, there’s only one living species of tomistomine, Tomistoma schlegelii, which is restricted to the Malay Peninsula and parts of Indonesia,” Ristevski said.
“With the exception of Antarctica, Australia was the only other continent without fossil evidence of tomistomines. But with the discovery of Gunggamarandu we can add Australia to the ‘once inhabited by tomistomines’ list.”
The name of the new species honours the First Nations peoples of the Darling Downs area, incorporating words from the languages of the Barunggam and Waka Waka nations. The genus name, Gunggamarandu, means ‘river boss’, while the species name, maunala, means ‘hole head’.
“The latter is in reference to the large, hole-like openings located on top of the animal’s skull that served as a place for muscle attachment,” Ristevski said.
